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To solve the problem of the least squares estimation does not have the ability to resist the gross errors in global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the theory of robust least squares estimation is introduced, three methods (Huber, IGG, IGGIII) to construct the equivalent weight are expounded and the determination of initial parameter of the equivalent weight is discussed. The results of simulation...
Digitalization and Globalization is two kinds of trends in the world, which indicate a new kind of economic model will be coming. This makes a qualitative revolution in the productive forces and production relations. Human society and economic patterns are changing from the traditional capital economy to a digital economy. Some new economic things can not be explained by the old economic theories...
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