Scott D. Peacor

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Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Justine A. Smith, Megan E. McDaniels, Scott D. Peacor, Ellen C. Bolas, more

Human activities catalyse risk avoidance behaviours in wildlife across taxa and systems. However, the broader ecological significance of human‐induced risk perception remains unclear, with a limited understanding of how phenotypic responses scale up to affect population or community dynamics. We present a framework informed by predator–prey ecology to predict the occurrence of non‐consumptive effects...

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Higher predation rate need not and did not lead to higher risk‐induced trait responses in related zooplankton species

Alexandra V. Rafalski, Kevin L. Pangle, Scott D. Peacor

Oikos > 2023 > 10 > n/a - n/a

Predators can directly affect prey populations both through predation (consumption of prey) and risk‐induced trait responses (RITRs) that reduce predation risk but are often associated with a fitness cost. Thousands of studies make clear that RITRs (also termed anti‐predator or defensive traits) including changes in behavior, morphology, and life history, are employed by numerous taxa across diverse...

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A skewed literature: Few studies evaluate the contribution of predation‐risk effects to natural field patterns

Scott D. Peacor, Nathan J. Dorn, Justine A. Smith, Nicole E. Peckham, more

Ecology Letters > 25 > 9 > 2048 - 2061

A narrative in ecology is that prey modify traits to reduce predation risk, and the trait modification has costs large enough to cause ensuing demographic, trophic and ecosystem consequences, with implications for conservation, management and agriculture. But ecology has a long history of emphasising that quantifying the importance of an ecological process ultimately requires evidence linking a process...

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Non‐consumptive predator effects on prey population size: A dearth of evidence

Michael J. Sheriff, Scott D. Peacor, Dror Hawlena, Maria Thaker, more

Journal of Animal Ecology > 89 > 6 > 1302 - 1316

There is a large and growing interest in non‐consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators. Diverse and extensive evidence shows that predation risk directly influences prey traits, such as behaviour, morphology and physiology, which in turn, may cause a reduction in prey fitness components (i.e. growth rate, survival and reproduction). An intuitive expectation is that NCEs that reduce prey fitness will...

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Long‐term survey data reveal large predator and temperature effects on population growth of multiple zooplankton species

John A. Marino, Henry A. Vanderploeg, Steven A. Pothoven, Ashley K. Elgin, more

Limnology and Oceanography > 65 > 4 > 694 - 706

Predators can strongly affect prey communities, but their influence may be difficult to distinguish from bottom‐up and other environmental effects. The problem of assessing predator impact is especially difficult in large systems that do not allow for comparisons across multiple units (e.g., small lakes) that have varying predator density. For instance, the invasion of the predatory zooplankter, Bythotrephes longimanus...

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Mussel-derived stimulation of benthic filamentous algae: The importance of nutrients and spatial scale

Steven N. Francoeur, Kimberly A. Peters Winslow, Dianna Miller, Scott D. Peacor

Journal of Great Lakes Research > 2017 > 43 > 1 > 69-79

The reoccurrence of benthic filamentous algal (FA) blooms in the Great Lakes, without associated increases in phosphorus loading, has stimulated renewed interest in determining the causes of Great Lakes benthic algal blooms. We investigated the potential roles of invasive mussels and nutrient limitation with experimental substrata within inner Saginaw Bay. FA abundance on live mussel substrata was...

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Predator presence dramatically reduces copepod abundance through condition‐mediated non‐consumptive effects

Paul E. Bourdeau, Matthew T. Bach, Scott D. Peacor

Freshwater Biology > 61 > 6 > 1020 - 1031

Predators can induce changes in prey phenotype that reduce predation risk but also incur costs (so‐called ‘non‐consumptive effects’ or NCEs).Few studies, however, have examined NCEs over time scales sufficient to link individual‐ and demographic‐level processes to changes in prey abundance.Using a laboratory experiment, we investigated how NCEs of the invasive planktivorous cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus...

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Factors affecting the vertical distribution of the zooplankton assemblage in Lake Michigan: The role of the invasive predator Bythotrephes longimanus

Paul E. Bourdeau, Kevin L. Pangle, Scott D. Peacor

Journal of Great Lakes Research > 2015 > 41 > S3 > 115-124

We analyze six years of survey data in Lake Michigan, which spanned large ranges in the abundance of the invasive predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes, to quantify the effect of this predator on the daytime vertical distribution of the nine most common species and life stages of Lake Michigan zooplankton. We found that Bythotrephes abundance and hypolimnion depth explained almost 50% of the variation...

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GAPE‐LIMITED PREDATORS AS AGENTS OF SELECTION ON THE DEFENSIVE MORPHOLOGY OF AN INVASIVE INVERTEBRATE

Andrea L. J. Miehls, Scott D. Peacor, Andrew G. McAdam

Evolution > 68 > 9 > 2633 - 2643

Invasive species have widespread and pronounced effects on ecosystems and adaptive evolution of invaders is often considered responsible for their success. Despite the potential importance of adaptation to invasion, we still have limited knowledge of the agents of natural selection on invasive species. Bythotrephes longimanus, a cladoceran zooplankton, invaded multiple Canadian Shield lakes over the...

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Costs of predator-induced phenotypic plasticity: a graphical model for predicting the contribution of nonconsumptive and consumptive effects of predators on prey

Scott D. Peacor, Barbara L. Peckarsky, Geoffrey C. Trussell, James R. Vonesh

Oecologia > 2013 > 171 > 1 > 1-10

Defensive modifications in prey traits that reduce predation risk can also have negative effects on prey fitness. Such nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predators are common, often quite strong, and can even dominate the net effect of predators. We develop an intuitive graphical model to identify and explore the conditions promoting strong NCEs. The model illustrates two conditions necessary and sufficient...

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The spread, establishment and impacts of the spiny water flea, Bythotrephes longimanus, in temperate North America: a synopsis of the special issue

Norman D. Yan, Brian Leung, Mark A. Lewis, Scott D. Peacor

Biological Invasions > 2011 > 13 > 11 > 2423-2432

More than most sub-disciplines of ecology, the study of biological invasions is characterized by breadth rather than by depth. Studies of expanding ranges of invaders are common, as are post-invasion case studies, but we rarely have a deep understanding of the dynamics and regulators of the processes of invasion and resultant ecological transformations. This is unfortunate because such depth may well...

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The invasive predator Bythotrephes induces changes in the vertical distribution of native copepods in Lake Michigan

Paul E. Bourdeau, Kevin L. Pangle, Scott D. Peacor

Biological Invasions > 2011 > 13 > 11 > 2533-2545

Invasive predators can have large negative effects on native prey populations. The susceptibility of native prey to invasive predators may depend on their ability to respond behaviorally to the presence of these non-native predators. In a field survey conducted in Lake Michigan over several years, we found that high densities of the invasive predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes were correlated with lower...

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Temperature gradients, not food resource gradients, affect growth rate of migrating Daphnia mendotae in Lake Michigan

Kevin L. Pangle, Scott D. Peacor

Journal of Great Lakes Research > 2010 > 36 > 2 > 345-350

Zooplankton production plays a critical role in the Great Lakes ecosystem, and vertical migration, which is exhibited by many zooplankton species, could affect production. We examined the effects of water temperature and food resource gradients on the growth rate of zooplankton undergoing vertical migration in Lake Michigan. In three laboratory experiments, juvenile Daphnia mendotae, native herbivorous...

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Predator–prey naïveté, antipredator behavior, and the ecology of predator invasions

Andrew Sih, Daniel I. Bolnick, Barney Luttbeg, John L. Orrock, more

Oikos > 119 > 4 > 610 - 621

We present a framework for explaining variation in predator invasion success and predator impacts on native prey that integrates information about predator–prey naïveté, predator and prey behavioral responses to each other, consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of predators on prey, and interacting effects of multiple species interactions. We begin with the ‘naïve prey’ hypothesis that posits that...

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Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function: A comparison of the Bay of Quinte, Canada, and Oneida Lake, USA, before and after zebra mussel invasion

Andrea L. Jaeger Miehls, Doran M. Mason, Kenneth A. Frank, Ann E. Krause, more

Ecological Modelling > 2009 > 220 > 22 > 3182-3193

As invasion rates of exotic species increase, an ecosystem level understanding of their impacts is imperative for predicting future spread and consequences. We have previously shown that network analyses are powerful tools for understanding the effects of exotic species perturbation on ecosystems. We now use the network analysis approach to compare how the same perturbation affects another ecosystem...

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Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function: A comparison of Oneida Lake, New York, USA, before and after zebra mussel invasion

Andrea L. Jaeger Miehls, Doran M. Mason, Kenneth A. Frank, Ann E. Krause, more

Ecological Modelling > 2009 > 220 > 22 > 3194-3209

Exotic species invasion is widely considered to affect ecosystem structure and function. Yet, few contemporary approaches can assess the effects of exotic species invasion at such an inclusive level. Our research presents one of the first attempts to examine the effects of an exotic species at the ecosystem level in a quantifiable manner. We used ecological network analysis (ENA) and a social network...

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Statistical tests for biological interactions: A comparison of permutation tests and analysis of variance

Michael E. Fraker, Scott D. Peacor

Acta Oecologica > 2008 > 33 > 1 > 66-72

Interaction terms from statistical tests are often used to make inferences about biological processes. For interaction terms to be biologically meaningful, it is critical that the statistical method used tests a model that corresponds to a realistic null hypothesis. A commonly used data analysis method, the analysis of variance F-test (ANOVA), is limited when examining interactions because there are...

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A new computational system, DOVE (Digital Organisms in a Virtual Ecosystem), to study phenotypic plasticity and its effects in food webs

Scott D. Peacor, Stefano Allesina, Rick L. Riolo, Tim S. Hunter

Ecological Modelling > 2007 > 205 > 1-2 > 13-28

Food webs are abstract models that represent who eats whom relationships in ecosystems. Classical food web representations do not typically include phenotypic plasticity, in which one species responds to changes in density of other species by modifying traits such as behavior and morphology. Such changes, which are presumably adaptive, will affect the magnitude of both direct and indirect effects...

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The effect of size-dependent growth and environmental factors on animal size variability

Scott D. Peacor, James R. Bence, Catherine A. Pfister

Theoretical Population Biology > 2007 > 71 > 1 > 80-94

The origin of variation in animal growth rate and body size is not well understood but central to ecological and evolutionary processes. We develop a relationship that predicts the change in relative body size variation within a cohort will be approximately equal to the relative change in mean per unit size growth rate, when only size-dependent factors affect growth. When modeling cohort growth, relative...

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The growth–mortality tradeoff: evidence from anuran larvae and consequences for species distributions

Luis Schiesari, Scott D. Peacor, Earl E. Werner

Oecologia > 2006 > 149 > 2 > 194-202

A tradeoff affecting the ability to grow under high versus low resource levels has been commonly hypothesized to influence species distributions across resource gradients in a wide variety of taxa. This influence is dependent on individual growth being proportional to traits that affect demographic processes such as mortality. However, data on how individual growth scales with demographic performance...

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Search results for: Scott D. Peacor

Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Higher predation rate need not and did not lead to higher risk‐induced trait responses in related zooplankton species

A skewed literature: Few studies evaluate the contribution of predation‐risk effects to natural field patterns

Non‐consumptive predator effects on prey population size: A dearth of evidence

Long‐term survey data reveal large predator and temperature effects on population growth of multiple zooplankton species

Mussel-derived stimulation of benthic filamentous algae: The importance of nutrients and spatial scale

Predator presence dramatically reduces copepod abundance through condition‐mediated non‐consumptive effects

Factors affecting the vertical distribution of the zooplankton assemblage in Lake Michigan: The role of the invasive predator Bythotrephes longimanus

GAPE‐LIMITED PREDATORS AS AGENTS OF SELECTION ON THE DEFENSIVE MORPHOLOGY OF AN INVASIVE INVERTEBRATE

Costs of predator-induced phenotypic plasticity: a graphical model for predicting the contribution of nonconsumptive and consumptive effects of predators on prey

The spread, establishment and impacts of the spiny water flea, Bythotrephes longimanus, in temperate North America: a synopsis of the special issue

The invasive predator Bythotrephes induces changes in the vertical distribution of native copepods in Lake Michigan

Temperature gradients, not food resource gradients, affect growth rate of migrating Daphnia mendotae in Lake Michigan

Predator–prey naïveté, antipredator behavior, and the ecology of predator invasions

Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function: A comparison of the Bay of Quinte, Canada, and Oneida Lake, USA, before and after zebra mussel invasion

Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function: A comparison of Oneida Lake, New York, USA, before and after zebra mussel invasion

Statistical tests for biological interactions: A comparison of permutation tests and analysis of variance

A new computational system, DOVE (Digital Organisms in a Virtual Ecosystem), to study phenotypic plasticity and its effects in food webs

The effect of size-dependent growth and environmental factors on animal size variability

The growth–mortality tradeoff: evidence from anuran larvae and consequences for species distributions

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