Search results for: Tom Manly

Items from 1 to 19 out of 19 results

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Transdiagnostic profiles of behaviour and communication relate to academic and socioemotional functioning and neural white matter organisation

Silvana Mareva, Danyal Akarca, The CALM Team, Duncan Astle, more

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64 > 2 > 217 - 233

Background Behavioural and language difficulties co‐occur in multiple neurodevelopmental conditions. Our understanding of these problems has arguably been slowed by an overreliance on study designs that compare diagnostic groups and fail to capture the overlap across different neurodevelopmental disorders and the heterogeneity within them. Methods We recruited a large transdiagnostic cohort of...

article

Anticipated and imagined futures: prospective cognition and depressed mood following brain injury

Fionnuala C. Murphy, Polly V. Peers, Simon E. Blackwell, Emily A. Holmes, more

British Journal of Clinical Psychology > 58 > 1 > 91 - 109

Objectives Depression, which is common following acquired brain injury (ABI), has been shown to predict cognitive impairment, rehabilitation outcome, and quality of life. Whilst many studies have examined links between depression and cognitive–affective processing in the non‐ABI population, their applicability to this important clinical group, where cognitive difficulties can be marked, remains unknown...

article

We do as we construe: extended behavior construed as one task is executed as one cognitive entity

Ausaf A. Farooqui, Tom Manly

Psychological Research > 2019 > 83 > 1 > 84-103

We select and execute extended task episodes (‘make tea’) as one entity and not individually execute their very many components (find kettle, boil water, etc.). Such hierarchical execution is thought to occur in familiar task situations with pre-existing task episode-related scripts that once selected, control the identity and sequence of component steps. Here, in contrast, we show hierarchical execution...

article

How Common are WM Deficits in Children with Difficulties in Reading and Mathematics?

Susan E. Gathercole, Francesca Woolgar, Rogier A. Kievit, Duncan Astle, more

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition > 2016 > 5 > 4 > 384-394

The extent to which deficits in working memory (WM) are characteristic of children with reading and mathematics difficulties was investigated in a large sample aged 5–15 years reported to have problems in attention, learning and memory. WM performance was highly correlated with reading and mathematics scores. Although deficits in individual tests of short-term memory (STM) and WM occurred in less...

article

The role of prestimulus activity in visual extinction

Maren Urner, Margarita Sarri, Jessica Grahn, Tom Manly, more

Neuropsychologia > 2013 > 51 > 8 > 1630-1637

Patients with visual extinction following right-hemisphere damage sometimes see and sometimes miss stimuli in the left visual field, particularly when stimuli are presented simultaneously to both visual fields. Awareness of left visual field stimuli is associated with increased activity in bilateral parietal and frontal cortex. However, it is unknown why patients see or miss these stimuli. Previous...

article

Effects of modafinil and methylphenidate on visual attention capacity: a TVA-based study

Kathrin Finke, Chris M. Dodds, Peter Bublak, Ralf Regenthal, more

Psychopharmacology > 2010 > 210 > 3 > 317-329

Introduction Theory of visual attention (TVA; Bundesen 1990) whole report tasks allow the independent measurement of visual perceptual processing speed and visual short-term memory (vSTM) storage capacity, unconfounded by motor speed. This study investigates how cognitive enhancing effects of psychostimulants depend on baseline performance and individual plasma levels. Materials and methods Eighteen...

article

Rehabilitation of executive dysfunction following brain injury: “Content-free” cueing improves everyday prospective memory performance

Jessica Fish, Jonathan J. Evans, Morag Nimmo, Emma Martin, more

Neuropsychologia > 2007 > 45 > 6 > 1318-1330

Prospective memory (PM) is often claimed to rely upon executive as well as mnemonic resources. Here, we examined the contribution of executive functions towards PM by providing intermittent support for monitoring processes using “content-free” cues, which carried no direct information regarding the PM task itself. Twenty participants with non-progressive brain injury and PM difficulties received brief...

article

Spatial awareness, alertness, and ADHD: The re-emergence of unilateral neglect with time-on-task

Melanie George, Veronika Dobler, Elaine Nicholls, Tom Manly

Brain and Cognition > 2005 > 57 > 3 > 264-275

Studies examining a relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relative visual inattention towards left space have produced inconsistent results. Here, based on previous studies with adult neurological patients who show very severe inattention to the left, we examine whether any spatial bias in ADHD may be modulated by changes in alertness levels. In a single case, we...

article

The emerging fragile X premutation phenotype: Evidence from the domain of social cognition

Kim Cornish, Cary Kogan, Jeremy Turk, Tom Manly, more

Brain and Cognition > 2005 > 57 > 1 > 53-60

Fragile X syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by large methylated expansions of a CGG repeat (>200) region upstream of the FMR1 gene that results in the lack of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Affected individuals display a neurobehavioral phenotype that includes a significant impairment in social cognition alongside deficits in attentional control,...

article

Rightward shift in spatial awareness with declining alertness

Tom Manly, Veronika B. Dobler, Christopher M. Dodds, Melanie A. George

Neuropsychologia > 2005 > 43 > 12 > 1721-1728

Although transient neglect of contralesional space occurs following damage to either hemisphere, persistent forms are overwhelmingly associated with right hemisphere lesions. This has led to the suggestion that impairments in other right hemisphere systems—in particular those that mediate alertness—may undermine recovery. Reductions in neglect severity with stimulation, exacerbation with sedatives...

article

Facial expression recognition across the adult life span

Andrew J. Calder, Jill Keane, Tom Manly, Reiner Sprengelmeyer, more

Neuropsychologia > 2003 > 41 > 2 > 195-202

We report three experiments investigating the recognition of emotion from facial expressions across the adult life span. Increasing age produced a progressive reduction in the recognition of fear and, to a lesser extent, anger. In contrast, older participants showed no reduction in recognition of disgust, rather there was some evidence of an improvement. The results are discussed in terms of studies...

article

Coffee in the cornflakes: time-of-day as a modulator of executive response control

Tom Manly, Geraint H. Lewis, Ian H. Robertson, Peter C. Watson, more

Neuropsychologia > 2002 > 40 > 1 > 1 - 6

Previous self-report based research has revealed a heightened propensity to slips-of-action in the early morning and at the end of the day. Here, we examined performance variability among healthy young adults as a function of time-of-day on a clinical task that is sensitive to absent-minded slips in brain-injured groups. We found significantly higher error rates at 1 pm and 7 pm compared with 1 am...

article

Rehabilitation of executive function: facilitation of effective goal management on complex tasks using periodic auditory alerts

Tom Manly, Kari Hawkins, Jon Evans, Karina Woldt, more

Neuropsychologia > 2002 > 40 > 3 > 271 - 281

The 'dysexecutive syndrome' represents a major challenge to functional recovery and adaptation following brain injury-and an important target for rehabilitation. Previous reports of everyday difficulties, and performance on complex, life-like tasks, indicate that an adequately represented goal may become neglected as patients become overly engaged in current activity. Here we examine whether the provision...

article

Is motor perseveration in unilateral neglect 'driven' by the presence of neglected left-sided stimuli?

Tom Manly, Karina Woldt, Peter Watson, Elizabeth Warburton

Neuropsychologia > 2002 > 40 > 11 > 1794-1803

Unilateral spatial neglect refers to a difficulty in detecting or acting on information in a particular region of space. When asked to cross out stimuli distributed across a page, patients with neglect may miss many targets on the left. In addition, they have a tendency to return to, and re-mark, right-sided targets that they have already cancelled. A recent retrospective study has shown this effect...

article

'Busy doing nothing?': Increased right frontal and parietal activation associated with self-sustained attention to an 'unchallenging' task

Tom Manly, Adrian M. Owen, Avijit Datta, Geraint Lewis, more

NeuroImage > 2001 > 13 > 6 Supplement > 331

article

Interaction of hand use and spatial selective attention in children

V. Dobler, Tom Manly, J. Atkinson, B.A. Wilson, more

Neuropsychologia > 2001 > 39 > 10 > 1055 - 1064

It has been argued that concurrent motor action can modulate visual spatial attention. The visual spatial biases of adult patients with unilateral neglect, for example, can be ameliorated by simultaneous use of the contralesional hand. Such improvements are most dramatic when the contralesional hand is moved within contralesional space. To date, evidence of such an interaction in neurologically healthy...

article

The absent mind: - further investigations of sustained attention to response

Tom Manly, Ian H. Robertson, Maria Galloway, Kari Hawkins

Neuropsychologia > 1999 > 37 > 6 > 661-670

We have previously demonstrated that performance on a brief and conceptually simple laboratory task (the Sustained Attention to Response Test: SART) was predictive of everyday attentional failures and action slips in brain injured patients and normal control participants. The SART is a go-no-go paradigm in which the no-go target appears rarely and unpredictably. Performance on this measure was previously...

article

Auditory sustained attention is a marker of unilateral spatial neglect

Ian H. Robertson, Tom Manly, Nicoletta Beschin, Roberta Daini, more

Neuropsychologia > 1997 > 35 > 12 > 1527-1532

The relationships between performance on a non-spatially-lateralized measure of sustained attention and spatial bias on tests sensitive to unilateral neglect were considered in a group of 44 patients with right hemisphere lesions following stroke. As predicted from earlier studies showing a strong association between unilateral spatial neglect and sustained attention, performance on a brief and monotonous...

article

`Oops!': Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects

Ian H. Robertson, Tom Manly, Jackie Andrade, Bart T. Baddeley, more

Neuropsychologia > 1997 > 35 > 6 > 747-758

Insufficient attention to tasks can result in slips of action as automatic, unintended action sequences are triggered inappropriately. Such slips arise in part from deficits in sustained attention, which are particularly likely to happen following frontal lobe and white matter damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We present a reliable laboratory paradigm that elicits such slips of action and demonstrates...

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