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Interaction of herbivory by wintering lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), environmental conditions, and burning were investigated in a mid-Texas coastal marsh dominated byScirpus americanus (Olney bulrush). Goose grubbing and use ofS. americanus rhizomes and roots initially produced a patchwork of denuded and vegetated areas on a recently burned area. Regrowth occurred by reestablishment...
We investigated the effect of decomposing duck carcasses on aquatic invertebrate numbers, biomass, and taxonomic composition in a seasonally flooded, impounded wetland in the Sacramento Valley, California during August–November 1988 and 1989. Major invertebrate taxa were copepods (Cyclopoida, occurred in 8.3% of samples), water fleas (Daphnidae, 8.9%), water boatmen (Corisella, 10.4%), and midge larvae...
The pattern of water-level fluctuations in a wetland is its hydroperiod. Characterization of this pattern cannot be accomplished by measuring a single parameter, but some means of measuring hydroperiod is needed so that comparisons can be made both between wetlands and within a single wetland over time Harmonic analysis can be used to characterize hydroperiod quantitatively by obtaining the amplitude...
We examined the responses of invertebrates and plants important in waterfowl diets to two management methods (prescribed burning and mowing) commonly used in seasonal wetlands. Experimental plots were constructed in summer 1992 in stands of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata); 50% of the vegetation was removed in treatment areas (10 m × 10 m) by either burning or mowing. After the plots were flooded, we...
Two sets of hydrologic indices were developed to characterize the water-budget components of nontidal wetlands. The first set consisted of six water-budget indices for input and output variables, and the second set consisted of two hydrologic interaction indices derived from the water-budget indices. The indices then were applied to 19 wetlands with previously published water-budget data. Two trilinear...
To evaluate the efficiency of different methods of wetland plant establishment and different soil amendments, 16 experimental plots in 4 treatment groups were established at a 6-ha created palustrine wetland in Tipton, PA. Response of vegetation, soil, and hydrology were evaluated. The first objective of the study was to determine if salvaged marsh surface (SMS) from a donor wetland can be used to...
We examined carcass composition and proximate food composition of ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis), northern shovelers (Anas clypeata), and northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering on agricultural drainwater ponds in California during 1983–84. Lipids varied seasonally in northern shovelers and northern pintails. Protein did not fluctuate except in ruddy ducks whose protein mass increased over winter,...
Losses of dry mass of the dominant litter, a standard litter (Carex aquatilis), and cellulose (Whatman filterpaper) were examined by the litter bag technique in three fens (riverine sedge fen, lacustrine sedge fen, floating sedge fen) and two marshes (lacustrine marsh, riverine marsh). LocalCarex lasiocarpa had a similar mass loss in marshes (mean of 63%) and in fens (mean of 59%) over 456 days in...
Plot sampling and hydraulic modeling were combined to investigate establishment and survival of plains cottonwood along Boulder Creek, an urban stream on the Colorado Plains. We tested the hypothesis that establishment is limited to bare, moist surfaces produced by spring flooding in the current year. No cottonwood germination was observed in 1989 when peak flow was low. A moderate peak of 11.9 m3...
We examined the recovery of vegetation and salt marsh macrofauna in a pipeline construction corridor at two locations where it intersected intertidal salt marshes near Charleston, SC. The impacts of construction were evaluated prior to construction and for subsequent periods of 34 and 46 months at the two sites using aerial photography and three field sampling methods. Quadrats were used to estimate...
Particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations, and stable carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) are reported for Moji-Guaçu River (suspended matter) and Infernão Lake (suspended matter and bottom sediment) samples collected during the entire 1990/91 hydrologic year. POC and PN concentrations for both systems and riverine PP concentrations peaked...
Most (84%) of Ohio’s remaining Lake Erie wetlands are diked to maximize food production and habitat for migrating waterfowl. Typically these wetlands are partially drained during spring and refilled the following fall. Fish populations have not been managed extensively, probably because few quantitative data are available on fish communities in diked wetlands and on how water-level manipulations affect...
Flood sensitivity of five woody species common to barrier island swale habitats was quantified in a glasshouse study to examine potential mechanisms affecting observed small-scale distribution patterns. Differential response to short-term (30 d duration) freshwater and saltwater flooding occurred among the five species. OnlyBaccharis halimifolia was sensitive to freshwater flooding. At both low (2...
Vegetative propagules ofPotamogeton pectinatus, P. gramineus, andHydrilla verticillata were exposed to aerobic or anaerobic atmospheres for 7, 14, or 21 days in the dark at 18°C or 7°C. There were no differences in the proportion of propagules sprouting due the presence or absence of oxygen. However, propagules exposed to an anaerobic atmosphere at 18°C sprouted sooner than those exposed to an aerobic...
Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) is being replaced by cattails (Typha domingensis andTypha latifolia) in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA 2A) of the Florida Everglades. This replacement coincides with changes in nutrients in WCA 2A. Investigating seed germination ofTypha in response to different nutrient levels, focusing on phosphate, might help in understanding how this replacement occurs. Three sets...
Seed-bank samples were collected in the northern Everglades along a phosphorus gradient with three vegetation zones (cattail with the highest phosphorus levels, mixed cattail-sawgrass (transition), and sawgrass with the lowest phosphorus levels). The size and composition of the seed banks were estimated using both a direct seed separation (seed assay) and a seedling emergence technique (seedling assay)...
Nyssa aquatica andTaxodium distichum seedlings were grown for four months in sand amended with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% fly ash (by weight). Leaf boron concentrations were linearly related to fly ash addition up to the 5% treatment but did not increase in the 10% treatment.Taxodium distichum growth was not adversely affected by fly ash addition. However,N. aquatica biomass, basal diameter, and height were...
Methods for wetland identification and delineation require the investigator to determine whether vegetation is hydrophytic. Two widely used techniques for making hydrophytic vegetation decisions involve dominance ratios (i.e., the percentage of dominant species that are rated obligate (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), and facultative (FAC) and prevalence indices (i.e., the weighfed-average wetland...
The quantitative contribution of benthic (periphytic) and planktonic algae to primary production in prairie wetlands is largely unknown, as is their response to the fluctuations in water level that characterize such systems. We measured the biomass (chlorophyll-a m−2 of wetland area) of phytoplankton, epipelon, epiphyton, and metaphyton in Delta Marsh, Manitoba as part of a five-year study in which...
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