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Resistive crossbar arrays show significant improvement in terms of energy and area efficiency when compared to current SRAM based memory technologies. However, due to its resistive nature, it suffers from undesired current sneak-paths complicating read-out procedures. In this paper, we present a voltage-based reading technique in resistive memories. The simplicity of the readout circuit enables parallel...
Paper is a very interesting substrate material for sensing systems due to its porous nature, low cost, light weight and biodegradability. Low-cost sensing platforms can be created by combining paper substrates with low-cost printed fabrication methods. Here, recent progress is reviewed in the areas that will be needed to create powerful paper-based sensing systems: pump-free microfluidics to manipulate...
Efficient use of electric energy by users is one of the critical ways for increasing energy efficiency, reducing cost of power generation and supply, and environmental concerns. As part of remedial measures to address issues of energy use, many technologies for demand reduction ranging from energy saving devices through a variety of energy management systems have emerged to help users manage and control...
We present a hardware-friendly spatiotemporal compressed sensing framework for video compression. The spatiotemporal compressed sensing incorporates random sampling in both spatial and temporal domain to encode the video scene into a single coded image. During decoding, the video is reconstructed using dictionary learning and sparse recovery. The evaluation results demonstrate the proposed approach...
Compressive sensing (CS) is a recent signal processing paradigm that exploits the inherent sparsity in input signal through data compression before wireless transmission. Recent CS implementations have shown impressive energy-efficiencies with good signal recovery but require apriori sparsity estimation and are thus not adaptable dynamic IoT environments resulting in loss of accuracy. This paper describes...
Sedimentary microbial fuel cells are promising harvesting systems generating powers as low as 10 μW, which is sufficient for powering underwater environmental sensors. This paper proposes a methodology and modeling to design a flyback converter in discontinuous conduction mode harvesting powers as low as 10th of μWs to maximize the harvested energy and boost its voltage to a minimum value required...
Substrate computing refers to a paradigm where sensing, computing, communications, energy scavenging and energy storage functions are seamlessly integrated within a substrate. The substrate could be a part of an aircraft wing or a chassis of the car and the computing, communications and energy scavenging functions could be implemented using self-powered devices embedded inside the substrate. In this...
The advancing trend to autonomous driving tightens the requirements for automotive microcontrollers with embedded flash memories. High reliability and low latency demands however have prevented the broad usage of multilevel-cell flash in this sector so far. This paper describes a robust time-domain voltage sensing scheme tackling the challenges arising from these tight conditions. A dynamic voltage...
The spin transfer torque magnetic random access (STT-MRAM) is suitable for embedded memories and also for the second level cache memory in the mobile CPU's. The most capable NVM component is STT-MRAM, which enhances the performance by 3.3 nS access time. It has strong radiation hardness, higher integrity and maximum endurance compared to SRAM. The power consumption of STT-MRAM is decreased by an order...
Locally NOR and globally NAND match-line architecture and sensing circuits applicable to the high performance content addressable memory(CAM) is proposed in this paper. As word-length of CAM gets longer, the capacitance of match-line gets larger and it causes performance degradation and large dynamic power consumption. Local match-lines are segments of large capacitive match-line and designed as NOR-type...
A circuit for simultaneous optical data reception and energy harvesting using a photovoltaic cell is presented. This circuit is based on a DC-Dc boost converter modified to also work as an optical communications receiver. The circuit is able to boost the low voltage of a typical silicon photovoltaic cell to a level that can be used to drive an electronic circuit. The data receiver portion of the circuit...
Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) facilitate many security applications such as secure key generation, device authentication, counterfeiting detection and prevention. This paper presents an area efficient PUF with high reliability. We exploit the process variation of a single load transistor for the current mirror working at the subthreshold region, which is converted to a unique digital signature...
Spin based memories have garnered major interest in recent times. With all of the alluring features like-non-volatility, zero-stand by leakage and dense integration in array, they suffer from not having satisfactory distinguishability between stored memory states. Recently, a novel approach of using Phase transition materials (PTM) to assist magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in spin memories has been...
With the rapid development of emerging wireless technologies, we can see the importance of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is a concept of connecting everything to everywhere at all times. Essential properties of IoT involve not only database and gateway communication, but also sensor communication. This paper introduces the basic approach of understanding how analog digital conversion works...
This work presents security solutions related to multi-sensor closed-loop artificial pancreas (AP) systems. The proposed AP system is built on a heterogeneous platform incorporating a smartphone, activity sensors, a glucose monitor, an insulin pump, a laptop hosting the multi-variable control algorithm and a cloud server. Developing a secure AP system is essential for mass adoption among diabetes...
In recent decades, hardware security has played a more and more important role. Among various types of hardware, the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) has been considered as security primitives to generating keys in order to keep systems safe, authentic, informative, and identified. Recently, leveraging the physics of emerging devices to implement on PUF has long been envisioned. However, current...
This paper describes two approaches to increase the energy efficiency of on-chip terahertz (THz) integrated circuits and systems. First, we present designs of multi-functional electromagnetic structures that utilize mode orthogonality and near-field interference to achieve simultaneous oscillation, harmonic generation, signal filtering and radiation. This leads to ultracompact THz circuits with low...
The industrial revolution and rapid urbanization of human society have put a great strain on the resource consumption and environmental issues. The concept of a smart city with advanced technology can play a vital role to overcome these challenges and make life more sustainable and environment greener. Sensing technology has an intense impact in this regard starting from smart design of the infrastructure...
This work presents the design of a high-bandwidth and high slew rate class-AB amplifier in a linear assisted hybrid converter for envelope tracking (ET) applications. ET has become prevalent for improving the efficiency of RF power amplifiers (PA) in portable devices when transmitting LTE signals. The class-AB amplifier in the hybrid converter provides the AC power to the PA, whereas the DC power...
A controlled comparison of three compensation techniques — nested Miller compensation (NMC), Split-Length compensation (SLC) and the new Split-Transistor compensation (STC) — is performed in a multi-stage low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO). The LDO with STC used 41% and 84% lower total compensation capacitance compared to the LDOs with SLC and NMC, respectively. To verify the proposed compensation...
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