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Recently, silver solid solution phase with indium, (Ag)-xxIn, has been demonstrated to be one of potential candidates of metallic packaging material for future high-power electronics bonding and interconnection applications due to its great anti-tarnishing property and superior mechanical properties, such as high ductility and high ultimate tensile strength. To further explore and utilize its great...
Nanotwinned copper (nt-Cu) is drawing wide attention for it simultaneously demonstrates high strength and high ductility, which are thought to be mutually exclusive. According to previous studies, nanotwinned Cu may be the best structure for resisting electromigration damage. In this study, we deposit (111)-oriented nt-Cu using direct current with suitable additives on PCB substrates. Current density...
Previous paper has reported that nanotwinned copper has very high mechanical strength, reasonable ductility, low electrical resistivity and ability in improving electromigration reliability.[1]–[3] Based on these advantages, nanotwinned copper (nt-Cu) is becoming a promising application in electronic industries. In the studies of K Lu et al., nt-Cu shows excellent mechanical properties. [4] The ductility...
Understanding the residual stress state in brazed joints is crucial for operational design and life time performance of the part in service. High magnitude residual stresses are expected in the joined materials following cooling from brazing temperatures (≈950C) due to large mismatches in material properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion and Young's modulus (E). This paper aims to further...
Copper indium sulfide (CIS) solar cells with Ag/CIS/TiO2/FTO/glass structure were fabricated by non-vacuum methods. The nanoporous TiO2 and nanocrystalline CIS films were prepared by screen-printing and spray pyrolysis techniques, respectively. The obtained films were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The solar cell properties were characterized under...
In this work results of a study of nanostructured metal sulfides obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from metal nanopowder and elementary sulphur are presented. The initial iron, copper, tungsten and molybdenum nanopowders were produced by electrical explosion of wires in argon at operating voltage 24–29 kV. Stoichiometric mixtures of metal nanopowders and sulphur were pressed...
Transition of batchwise nanoparticle production routes to large-scale manufacturing processes is vital for commercialization of such materials. This paper reports the comparison studies from batch and continuous mode for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles by the polyol method. The copper nanoparticles synthesized in continuous mode utilizing a novel microchannel mixer were found to be comparable...
AgCu(InGa)Se2 alloy absorber layers with various Ga/(Ga+In) and Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios were deposited using multi-source elemental evaporation and analyzed by glancing incidence x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. All films exhibit satellite chalcopyrite reflections in the x-ray diffraction pattern and films with 0.5 ≤ Ga < 1 and Ag > 0.5 have additional reflections consistent...
Bulk Cu50Zr42Al8 amorphous coniform shape samples (10mm in diameter at bottom and 80mm in length) were successfully prepared by the arc-melting master alloy in the water-cooled copper crucible and then suck cast in the copper mold. Using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, Optical microscope, SEM and TEM analysis. The experimental investigation of the samples research of axial and radial characteristics...
Cu-Mn-O catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method at the different calcination temperature. These catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM and the catalytic activity for the reduction of NO by propane was evaluated. XRD results showed that Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 was the main phase in all these samples. The NO conversion over the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal method was markedly...
The modified mesoporous silica with aminopropyl group (NH2-(CH2)3-MCM-41) and chloropropyl group (SH- (CH2)3-MCM-41) and pure mesoporous silica (MCM-41) have been synthesized via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by X ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Then adsorption test of copper ion was investigated. Langmuir model is...
Cu-Mn mixed oxide catalysts have been prepared by citric acid complex method and evaluated in the catalytic combustion of methyl acetate. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). Doping an appropriate amount of Cu in Mn3O4 is favorable for the formation of a stable solid solution. Thus, the redox property of the catalyst can be enhanced...
The influence of Cu2O and CuO to Pd/C electrocatalytic activities on ethanol electrooxidation in KOH solution was investigated. Pd/C, Pd-Cu2O/C and Pd-CuO/C were synthesized and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The electrocatalytic activities were studied by Cyclic Voltammetry. The results show that catalytic activity of Pd/C for ethanol in KOH solution can be improved by Cu2O and CuO. When...
Slag cleaning is important from both an economical and environmental perspective. The abundance of iron in the copper slag is well worth to reclaim. Recovering iron of copper slag was undertaken by melting reduction in this paper, the effects of C/Fe, the basicity and the holding time at 1773K were considered in this study. XRD analysis results indicated that the copper residue was mainly composed...
The diffusion barrier properties of Co/TaN bilayer as Cu adhesion layer/diffusion barrier on the Si and low k (k = 2.5) substrates were investigated. The barrier was prepared by using ion-beam sputtering technique. The barrier property was investigated by sheet resistance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and electrical measurements. No obvious Cu diffusion and agglomeration...
Cr/CrN nano-multilayers have been produced by varying the period and the degree of unbalancing in a magnetron sputtering system in order to study the influence of these parameters in the electrical properties. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the microstructure characteristics of the multilayers and the Four Point Probe (FPP) technique in the Van der Pawn mode was used to evaluate electrical...
Graphene, as a rising star in material science, has recently attracted extensive scientific and technological interest owing to its strictly two-dimensional structure and extraordinary electronic, thermal and mechanical properties [1-3]. Chemical approaches, as a low cost method, could produce large-scale production of graphene, which will speed up the application of graphene. In this paper, graphene...
SnCu2-4Ni1-2 as a lead-free solder was prepared from both sulfate and chloride plating solutions by galvanostatic electrodeposition. Current-potential polarizations for both plating baths were obtained with their respective deposition rates measured. Characterizations including SEM, EDX, and XRD were carried out to obtain relevant materials properties.
A Cu/Ni UBM and Sn-2.5Ag lead-free solder for 20 μm pitch micro-bump was successfully fabricated via consecutive electroplatings of Cu, Ni, and binary SnAg. Materials characterizations such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron Probe Micro-analyzer (EPMA), and X-ay Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to obtain relevant materials properties. We observed...
Polycrystalline films of semiconducting Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS) quaternary alloy, one of the promising materials for photovoltaic applications, have been prepared by means of chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). Copper, Indium and Gallium metal chlorides and Selenourea are used as constituent elements to prepare spray solution. Single phase CIGS films with chalcopyrite structure have been successfully grown...
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