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To achieve better and faster material discrimination in applications like security inspection, X-Ray image sensors giving a highly resolved energy spectrum per pixel are required. In this paper, a new pixel architecture for spectral imaging is presented, exhibiting a 256 bin spectrum per pixel in a single image duration, up to two orders of magnitude higher than previous works. A prototype circuit,...
In this paper is presented a High Dynamic Range (HDR) extension technique that applies to an imager without modifying any of its other specifications (as speed, noise floor or pixel scheme). The technique relies on the division of the focal plane into blocks that are able to choose the integration time from a set of eleven exposures, reaching +60db extension compared to a standard CMOS imager. The...
System-on-a-chip integration of three dimensional time-of-flight image sensor invokes several technical issues, which are different from the case of conventional two dimensional CMOS image sensor. In this paper, we review several technical issues with examples of several cases, and suggest solutions especially in view point of pixel design.
In this paper we present an improved version of the readout technique proposed in [7]. It concerns a continuous operating logarithmic image sensor with 120dB of Dynamic Range (DR). The pixel element presents also improved characteristics, compared to the standard logarithmic pixel, especially in terms of Fixed Pattern Noise compensation and extended output voltage swing. The first goal of this readout...
Release of acetylcholine (ACh) by a local K+ ion stimulation to neurons was successfully imaged using charge transfer type label-free ACh image sensor. In the non-stimulation area, the ACh release from the neurons was observed and the released ACh gradually diffused with time. These data suggest that the images of ACh release induced by local depolarization are involved in the propagation signals...
A kind of overlapping effect called bowtie effect occurs around the edge of the scanning swath for optical-mechanical scanner as long as sensors which have swaths wider than one pixel, which aggravates its degree exponentially toward the swath edge. In order to remove bowtie effect, three main factors (satellite motion, earth rotation, scanner mirror) that affect the scanning image are analyzed firstly...
The trend in semiconductor manufacturing over the last decade has been an accelerated rate for both materials integration and wafer fabrication process development. While the cutting edge of semiconductor technology is driven by digital logic and memory applications, several other technology sectors benefit from innovation by the leaders. Of these technology sectors, image sensor manufacturers have...
We introduce a scheme for the production of LDV (Layered Depth Video) content, based on capturing from a hybrid camera system, consisting of two time of flight and five CCD cameras and introduce a post production step, based on Grab - Cut segmentation, which significantly improves the quality of the end result. The proposed improvement step can be done fully automatically, based on initialization...
Phase-shifted sinusoids are commonly used as projection patterns in structured light systems consisting of projectors and cameras. They require few image captures per 3D reconstruction and have low decoding complexity. Recently, structured light systems with a projector and a pair of stereo cameras have been used in order to overcome the traditional phase discontinuity problem and allow for the reconstruction...
In traffic monitoring applications, traffic speed is an important parameter of traffic management. The method for traffic speed measurement using video based on Spatio-Temporal (ST) model and frequency domain analysis is proposed in this paper. This method is designed to be able to measure the traffic speed in every pattern of road. The novel of proposed method is unfolding the edge information on...
We will demonstrate the performance of an integrated CCD polarization image sensor. The polarization image sensor combines CCD imaging technology with aluminum nanowire optical filters monolithically at the focal plane. The image sensor computes polarization parameters of partially polarized light and presents this information to the end user in false color representation. The image sensor will demonstrate...
In high quality imaging even tiny distortions as small as a single pixel are visible and can not be accepted. Although the production quality of CMOS image sensors is very high, for reasonable yields we still need to accept some defect pixels and clusters of defects in large image sensors. In this paper we will compare compensation algorithms for raw image sensor data. We propose a new approach based...
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) image sensors the incident light intensity is represented by the timing of pulses. Exceptionally high dynamic range (DR) and improved signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) have been demonstrated for this class of image sensors. Unfortunately, their spatial resolution is limited by the need of an in-pixel memory to record the timing information. The AER protocol is an attractive...
We present a micropower QCIF image sensor fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS technology. Low-power operation is achieved through a system-on-chip design methodology optimizing from device to architecture, yielding a 3-pin autonomous system. Supply voltage and reference are scaled down to 1.0V and 400mV, respectively. Compared to previous work, this imager consumes 42% less energy per pixel.
In order to reduce power consumption and improve low-voltage operation capability of standard three transistor (3T) CMOS active pixel sensor (APS), new pixel readout is proposed utilizing supply boosting technique (SBT). Pixel supply voltage as well as reset and select signals for APS pixel are boosted to achieve wider and extended linear operating range in a standard CMOS process with high-Vt transistors...
The rapid developments of the image sensor technology have made them an important tool in different areas. Many applications utilizing image sensors were proposed. In recent years, there is a tendency to utilize light-emitting diodes (LED) as a light source replacing normal lamps due to its obvious advantages over incandescent light sources, which including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime,...
The feasibility of azimuthal Time-Frequency (TF) analysis for urban area identification using TerraSAR-X (TX) fully polarimetric data has been investigated for the first time. Space-borne sensors, unlike airborne sensors, are characterized by a very small azimuth antenna aperture, which limits the Sub-Aperture (SA) decomposition in the azimuth direction. Due to this limitation, the usefulness of SA...
Today, consumer cameras produce photographs with tens of millions of pixels. The recent trend in image sensor resolution seems to suggest that we will soon have cameras with billions of pixels. However, the resolution of any camera is fundamentally limited by geometric aberrations. We derive a scaling law that shows that, by using computations to correct for aberrations, we can create cameras with...
In recent years, there has been increased interest in characterizing and extracting 3D information from video sequences for object tracking and identification. In this paper, we propose a single view-based framework for robust estimation of height and position. In this work, 2D features of a target object is back-projected into the 3D scene space where its coordinate system is given by a rectangular...
Selective attention is a very efficient strategy for engineering active vision systems that need to extract relevant information from the scene in real-time. We propose an implementation of a saliency-map based active vision system in which Address-Event sensors and neuromorphic winner-take-all devices complement conventional imagers and machine vision components. A standard imager is mounted next...
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